The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate. Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, kyoto. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. By the kyoto meeting, five and a half years later, it was clear that only a. Montreal protocol vs kyoto protocol the montreal protocol, which was originally established in 1987, was created as a result of the finding of the ozone hole over antarctica by rowland and molina. Hfcs, the montreal protocol and the unfccc environmental.
Originally, the requirements of the unfccckyoto protocol, and therefore of the ghg protocol, were limited to a set of six individual ghgs or classes of ghgs. Montreal, 17 september 2007 international efforts to safeguard earths climate and protect the ozone layer are mutually supportive, say the united nations top climate change and environment officials. Montreal protocol in 1973, at the university of california, irvine, mario molina suggested to his advisor f. Section iv will examine the kyoto protocol by describing the negotiations leading up to its creation and highlighting the approaches and mechanisms that undermine. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Ods are regulated under the montreal protocol, while hfcs are currently included among the basket of six ghgs2 regulated under the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change hereafter referred to as the kyoto protocol. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete. The international treaties for the protection of the ozone layer and the global climate are closely related. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987, which has achieved universal ratification. The kyoto protocol restates this obligation, using somewhat stronger language united nations, 1997. Mar 20, 2007 the 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss.
The 1987 montreal protocol restricting the use of ozonedepleting substances has helped both to reduce global warming and to protect the ozone layer. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and. The kyoto protocol accounting and compliance system 19 2. The implications to the montreal protocol of the inclusion of hfcs. Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on.
Protocol led to more reductions in greenhouse gases than what is foreseen under the kyoto protocol. Pdf the importance of the montreal protocol in protecting. Leveraging worldwide participation, the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a. The united states firmly rejects the agreement, with unanimous bipartisan opposition to its ratification. The effects of the montreal protocol on climate will become smaller in the future, while. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Initially signed by 46 countries, the treaty now has nearly 200 signatories. The parties in annex i shall strive to implement policies and measures in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including effects on international trade, and. But an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only modest steps toward stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. Conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties to the kyoto protocol report of the conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties to the kyoto protocol on its first session, held at montreal from 28 november to 10 december 2005 addendum part two. Climate change is the defining challenge of our age. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.
But an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only. For analysis of the kyoto protocol, see pages 14 to 18 of this paper. Copyright 2008 environmental law institute, washington, dc. Aware of the negative impact of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the climatic changes on the development of large regions of the earth, the international community has lately enforced a series of measures for the protection of the atmosphere.
Sunstein abstract over the last thirty years, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer have been widely believed to be the worlds largest environmental problems. Required greenhouse gases in inventories ghg protocol. Leveraging worldwide participation, the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a path to repair. Principles grounding the climate change agreements 4.
An international agreement that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases. It was initially adopted on 11 december 1997 in kyoto, japan and entered into force on 16 february 2005. Conclusion glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary. This comprehensive handbook outlines all amendments and decisions. Action taken by the conference of the parties serving as the. Although the research was based on literature, rowl. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Apr 12, 2018 montreal protocol in 1973, at the university of california, irvine, mario molina suggested to his advisor f. Jul 10, 2006 but an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while the kyoto protocol has spurred only modest steps toward stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. Sherwood rowland that cfcs could have some lingering effect in the earths atmosphere. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The montreal protocol has been responsible for the phaseouts and bans on chloroflourocarbons cfcs and hydrochlorofluorcarbons hcfcs.
The montreal protocol is an international treaty governing the protection of stratospheric ozone, originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992. Kyoto to the united nations framework convention on climate change protocol greenhouse gas emission reductions 3. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting. This paper gives an overview of the many ways in which both treaty systems. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. The kyoto protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that part one global warming is occurring and part two it is extremely likely that humanmade co 2 emissions have. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozonedepleting substances odss. Bangkok climate change conference, augustseptember 2012. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, montreal, 1989 2. Nov 01, 2018 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, montreal, 1989 2. Using historical odss emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that the ods.
The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. Article of the fccc, the noncompliance procedure of the montreal protocol served as the model and the experience gained in its application since 1991 was taken into account. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc or fccc, aimed at fighting global warming. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Odss are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances. The case of reduced cfc emissions and the montreal protocol, 63 j. These are the sources and citations used to research kyoto protocol and montreal protocol. Convention on biological diversity cbd, nairobi, 1992 4. The kigali amendment amends the 1987 montreal protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole in by banning ozonedepleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons cfcs.
A brief summary of two international provisions which aim to recuperate the environment from the deteriorating effects of various gaseous compunds. Parties present and voting means parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. In the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol. As of july 2010, 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol. This video was created to support the campaign goal. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Montreal and kyoto protocol free download as powerpoint presentation. Jun 29, 2015 the montreal protocol has been responsible for the phaseouts and bans on chloroflourocarbons cfcs and hydrochlorofluorcarbons hcfcs.
Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept. Originally, the requirements of the unfccc kyoto protocol, and therefore of the ghg protocol, were limited to a set of six individual ghgs or classes of ghgs. But an extraordinarily successful agreement, the montreal protocol, has served largely to eliminate the production and use of ozonedepleting chemicals, while. Linkages between the montreal and kyoto protocols enhancing. Additional climate benefits that are significant compared with the kyoto protocol reduction target could be achieved by actions under the montreal protocol, by managing the emissions of substitute. Montreal protocol means the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, adopted in montreal on 16 september 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended.
International protocols regarding global climate change and. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on saturday, september 26, 2015. The rio treaty had set the aim of lowering emissions to the 1990 level by the year 2000. Montreal protocol department of agriculture, water and. Both involve global risks created by diverse nations, and both. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Not only has the montreal protocol for the protection of the ozone layer served as a useful example in developing the international climate regime, but policies pursued in both issue areas influence each other. Against this backdrop, section iii will examine the montreal protocol and highlight some of its unique mechanisms and approaches that make it an effective mea. Since 2005, the world has spent several billion dollars on carbon credits. If further measures are to materialise accelerated phase out of hcfcs additional climate benefits could be reaped, possibly as much as taking out again the entire reduction potential of kyoto.
For the united states, at least, compliance with the montreal protocol would have been. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. May 12, 20 montreal protocol vs kyoto protocol the montreal protocol, which was originally established in 1987, was created as a result of the finding of the ozone hole over antarctica by rowland and molina. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, as it is called in full, and its amendments are international treaties requiring that countries end production. In 2008, the only nonparties were andorra, holy see, iraq, san marino, timor leste. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. Using historical odss emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that. The benefit to climate achieved by the montreal protocol alone at present greatly exceeds the initial target of the kyoto protocol. Montreal and kyoto protocol greenhouse gas united nations. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties, montreal, 17 september 1997, unepozl. The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. They discovered that chlorofluorocarbons cfcs were the culprit of the ozone depletion. Ozone depletion and global climate change are linked through physical and chemical processes.
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